RAM & ROM – Definition
What is Memory?
Memory is a storage area. It is used to store the data and retrieve the data whenever required.
Computer Memory classification: –
What is Primary Memory?
Primary Memory is directly accessed by the processor using the data bus. It is also known as Internal Memory. There are 2 types of storage devices –
RAM: –
It’s full from Random Access Memory. It is a computer’s primary memory and it is a volatile memory.
Characteristics:
• It is also known as main Memory, Primary Memory, System Memory.
• It is an IC.
• It is a volatile memory.
• It is made up of semiconductor materials.
• It’s stored the data temporarily.
Types of RAM:
There are 2 types of RAM –
Dynamic RAM:
DRAM is a type of RAM that stores each bit of data on a separate capacitor.
Example: – System memory. It is 2 type – Asynchronous & Synchronous.
Static RAM:
SRAM is a type of RAM that stores data using a static method. It is also known as cache memory.
Example: – Cache memory. It is 3 type – Level-1, Level-2 & Level-3.
Types of SDRAM:
• DDR:
It’s full from Double Data Rate. It has a Single Notch in the right position.
• DDR-2:
It’s full from Double Data Rate – 2. It has a Single Notch in about the middle position.
• DDR-3:
It’s full from Double Data Rate – 3. It has a Single Notch on the left side.
• DDR-4:
It’s full from Double Data Rate – 4. It has Notched in the Central position.
Comparison Table of SDRAM:
| RAM | Total Pins | Frequency Range (MHz) | Voltage |
|---|---|---|---|
| DDR – 1 | 184 | 266 – 400 | 2.5 |
| DDR – 2 | 240 | 533 – 800 | 1.8 |
| DDR – 3 | 240 | 1066 – 1866 | 1.5 |
| DDR – 4 | 288 | 2133 – 4266 | 1.2 |
ROM:
It’s full from Read-Only Memory. It is a Non-volatile memory, which stores the data permanently. The data in ROM can only be read but cannot be modified or write.
Characteristics:
• It is an IC.
• It stored the firmware.
• It stored the data permanently.
• It is a Non-volatile memory.
• We can only read the content of ROM but cannot write.
Types of ROM:
1) PROM:
It’s full from Programmable Read Only Memory. It is used in Cell phones, Video game consoles etc.
2) EPROM:
It’s full from Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is used in Micro-consolers to store programs.
3) EEPROM:
It’s full from Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is used in the BIOS of a computer is stored in the memory.
4) Flash ROM:
It is used in USB Flash drive, Mp3 players, Digital camera, Modems, SSD etc.
Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory are directly not accessed by the processor, it is indirectly accessed by the input/output operations. It is also known as external memory.
It is 2 type –
1) Non-removable
2) Removable
Computer RAM & ROM Interview Questions
Q. What is RAM Module?
Ans: – RAM Module is a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) on which RAM chip are fixed with it. There are 4 types of RAM Module –
SIMM: It’s full from the Single Inline Memory Module.
RIMM: It’s full from Rambus Inline Memory Module. It is used in Server machines.
DIMM: It’s full from Duel Inline Memory Module. It is used in Desktop machines.
SODIMM: It’s full from Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module. It is used in a Laptop machines.
Q. What is different between Volatile and Non-volatile memory?
Ans: – Volatile memory is temporary storage and can store data until it is receiving power whereas Non-volatile memory stores data permanently even after turning off the power.
Q. What is Flash Memory?
Ans: – Flash memory is an electronic (Solid State) non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
Q. What is Cache memory?
Ans: – Cache memory is a small and fast memory that is placed between processor and ram. Cache memory stores the instruction from the RAM, so that processor does not have to traverse RAM to get the instruction.
Q. Different between RAM & ROM?
Ans: –
| RAM | ROM |
|---|---|
| It’s full from Random Access Memory. | It’s full from Read-Only Memory. |
| It’s stored the data temporarily. | It’s stored the data permanently. |
| It is a volatile memory. | It is a no-volatile memory. |
| Its storage capacity ranges from 1 to 256 GB. | Its storage capacity ranges from 4 to 8 MB. |
| Type – DRAM & SRAM. | Type – PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash ROM. |
| Example – Primary memory, CPU cache in computer. | Example – Firmware. |
Q. Different between S-RAM & D-RAM?
Ans: –
| S-RAM | D-RAM |
|---|---|
| S-RAM stores data till the power is supplied. | D-RAM stores the data only for few milliseconds even when power is supplied. |
| S-RAM data access is faster. | D-RAM data access is slower. |
| S-RAM cost per bit is high. | D-RAM cost per bit is low. |
| Used in cache memory. | Used in main memory. |
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