Motherboard Definition, Types, Components:

• Definition:

A motherboard is a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) in which all components are connected it directly or indirectly. It is also called Mainboard, Main Circuit Board, System Board, Logic Board and Mobo.

• Motherboard manufacturer company:

• Gigabyte
• Asus
• Intel
• MSI
• Zebronics
• Toshiba

• Types of Motherboard:

Basically, the motherboard is classified 2 types based on the available device –

1. Non-Integrated Motherboard:
   A Non-Integrated Motherboard don’t have ports to connect necessary equipment. It is uses normally PCI expansion slots.
2. Integrated Motherboard:
   An Integrated Motherboard have separate ports to connect different types of components.

The motherboard is classified on the based-on usage are 3 types –

1. Desktop Motherboard:
   The Desktop Motherboard is used basically home and office purpose only like word, excel, playing games, watching movies etc.
2. Laptop Motherboard:
   The Laptop Motherboard are used to Laptop system. Basically, it is advanced Integrated motherboard.
3. Server Motherboard:
   The Server Motherboard are used to server machine. It is used to 24×7 environments. It is uses highly configuration machine. It is more advanced as compare to Desktop or Laptop motherboard.

• Motherboard Formfactor:

The physical shape and size of any device is called a Formfactor. There are some motherboard importance form factor –

• AT:
It’s full of Advanced Technology. It is also known as Full AT. It is created by IBM for IBM PCs and Intel 80186 series PC uses.

• Baby AT:
It is a smaller version of AT motherboard.

• ATX:
It’s full of Advanced Technology Extended. It is created by Intel. It is widely used for desktop motherboards.

• Micro-ATX:
Micro ATX is the smaller version of the ATX motherboard. It is commonly used on small-form-factor desktop computers.

• Mini-ATX:
Mini ATX is the smaller version of Micro ATX. It is basically designed with MoDT (Mobile on Desktop Technology) devices.

• BTX:
It’s full from Balanced Technology Extended. It is the successor of the ATX motherboard. The BTX features is a low profile and better cooling performance.

• DTX:
It’s full from Discontinuous Transmission. It is developed by AMD and it is designed for the smaller computer systems.

• LPX:
It’s full from New Low Profile Extended. It is developed by Intel.

• Motherboard Components:

Here all are the motherboard components discuss below. We are all motherboard components divided into extra 2 parts-Motherboard connectors and Motherboard ports.

• Expansion Slots:
It is also called as Bus Slot or PCI Slot. It is used to install peripheral components like graphics card, sound card, LAN card etc.

• Memory Slot:
A Memory Slot or RAM Slot or DIMM Slot where inserted RAM or Primary storage device.

• BIOS:
It’s full from the Basic Input/Output System. It is a Read-Only Memory (ROM). It controls the basic input/output function.

• CMOS Battery:
It’s full from a Complementary Metal-Oxide Semi-Conductor. It is also called as NVRAM (Non-volatile RAM) or Motherboard battery. It is backup power and it is stored BIOS setting, date & time.

• CPU Fan & Heat Sink:
Its main function absorbs the heat when the system is running and cools down the CPU.

• CPU Socket:
A CPU socket or Processor socket is a socket where a computer processor inserted it.

• North Bridge:
It is used to communicate between RAM and Processor. It is also called as Memory Controller Hub.

• South Bridge:
It is used to control the Input and Output function. It is also called as Input/Output Controller Hub.

• Jumper:
The jumper is an electronic circuit that is used to configure printed circuit boards. It acts also on/off switch on a motherboard.

• Power & Reset Button:
In the front panel have a turn on/off button and a reboot button to reset the computer.

• Motherboard Connector:

• ATX Power Connector:
It has 20/24 pin and connects to the ATX power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the motherboard.

• ATX 12V Power Connector:
It is a 12V or 4 pin power cable of a power supply unit that supplies power to the CPU.

• SATA Connector:
It is full from Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. It is a 7 pin cable and connects to the SATA devices like Hard Disk Drive (HDD), CD/DVD Drive etc.

• PATA Connector:
It’s full from Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment. It is also called as IDE (Integrated Device Electronics) connector. It is 40 pin cable and connect to IDE devices like Hard Disk Drive (HDD), CD/DVD Drive etc.

• FDD Connector:
It’s full from Floppy Disk Drive. It is 34 pin cable model and connects to Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) with a motherboard.

• Motherboard Port:

• LAN Port:
It is also called an RJ-45 port (Registered Jack) or Ethernet port. It has 8 pins and is used to connect the PC with the network using an RJ-45 cable.

• VGA Port:
It’s full from Video Graphics Array. It is 15 pin hole female port and it is used to connect a monitor.

• DVI Port:
It’s full from Digital Visual Interface. It is used to connect a flat panel LCD monitors or video graphics cards.

• HDMI Port:
It’s full from High Definition Multimedia Interface. It is an audio & video transmission interface. It is used to connect Cable boxes, Projector, a Video games systems etc.

• Parallel Port:
It is also known as LPT port or DB 25 port (DB – D Base). It is a 25 pin model female port and it is used to connect DMP (Dot Metrix Printer), Scanner with the motherboard.

• Serial Port:
It is also known as DB-9 port/ Com port/ Rs – 232C port. It is a 9 or 25 pin model male port and is used to connect networking devices like routers, Switch, Modems etc.

• PS/2 Port (Purple):
It is a 6 pin model port and is used to connect PS/2 Keyboard.

• PS/2 Port (Green):
It is a 6 pin model and used to connect PS/2 Mouse.

• Audio Port:
This port connects a tape, CD, DVD player or another audio connector.

• USB Port:
It’s full form Universal Serial Bus. It is used to connect external USB devices like Pen drive, external hard Disk, Printer, Scanner, Mouse, Keyboard etc.

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